I'm adaptable : Don't let it be just a buzzword

Terms like flexibility, adaptability, and open-mindedness show up on countless CVs but without real substance, they can quickly turn off recruiters.

If you're going to use these words, make sure you back them up with solid, real-life examples. Have you lived or worked abroad? Think of a time when you had to adjust maybe you adapted to Japan's more hierarchical meeting culture or learned to be more direct in Germany's work environment. These are the kinds of stories that bring your skills to life.

If you haven't had international experience yet, focus on the multicultural exposure you've had at home. That might be through your studies, working with international colleagues, or volunteering in diverse communities. Show that you know how to listen, observe, and adapt your approach. The key is to give specific, tangible examples that prove you walk the talk.

Your diplomas and job titles: Clarity matters

If you're applying for jobs abroad, a clear and accurate English version of your CV is a must. Translating your degrees and professional experience properly not just running them through an automatic tool can make the difference. Many candidates fall into the trap of poor translations, and standing out means doing better.

Take the time to get it right. For example, translating HEC as School of Commerce won't mean much to an employer in Asia. Similarly, calling Sciences Po a School of Political Sciences might confuse recruiters. Use the full, correct name with a short explanation if needed.

Also, in some fields especially healthcare and education you may need official recognition of your qualifications. Look into this early so you're prepared to answer questions and can show you've taken initiative.

Job titles deserve the same care. Don't translate roles word for word. Instead, opt for clear equivalents. Likewise, be thoughtful when translating titles find terms that match the actual responsibilities rather than translating them literally.

Rethink your resume format: Local standards matter

We all know that a resume should be tailored to each job but what's often overlooked is that resume formats vary widely from one country to another.

Think of your CV as a cultural code it needs to be cracked.

In Germany, for instance, resumes are expected to follow a strict chronological order with detailed, accurate degree names. In the U.S. or Canada, you should leave out personal details like your photo, birthdate, marital status, and nationality these are considered private, and sometimes even discriminatory. However, in Switzerland, such information is still commonly included. And in Japan, the Rirekisho is a highly standardized document with almost no room for personalization.

So what's the best approach? Before applying, find a sample resume from your target country and sector. Pay close attention to the structure, language, and tone. It shows you're not just adaptable you understand and respect the cultural norms of your future workplace.

Language skills: Be clear, be credible

Saying you have a good level of Spanish or that you're fluent in German doesn't tell recruiters much. When applying internationally, clarity matters.

Use recognized standards to describe your language skills. Include any official test scores you've earned like TOEFL, TOEIC, or IELTS for English; DELE for Spanish; or the Goethe-Zertifikat for German. You can also refer to the CEFR scale, from A1 (beginner) to C2 (mastery), which is widely understood.

Want to really stand out? Offer to do part or all of your interview in the target language. It's a powerful way to show confidence, motivation, and real ability. Of course, your Japanese might need brushing up before you can interview in it but if Japan is your destination, investing in those language skills early will pay off.

Have an immigration strategy and a genuine interest in the country

International recruiters can easily spot generic, copy-paste applications. Simply saying you've always dreamed of working in Canada or that China has always fascinated you won't be enough.

What really sets you apart is demonstrating that you've done your homework. Demonstrate your understanding of the local culture, labor market, and the specific challenges in your target sector.

Have you explored the visa process for yourself and your family? Do you have a clear immigration strategy? Are you familiar with how employment contracts work in that country? These details take time to research, but they prove you're committed not just applying to every opportunity that pops up.

Pro tip: Include a specific local detail in your cover letter or during the interview. Refer to a recent news item, program, or policy reform related to your field. It's a simple way to show that your interest is genuine and that you've made a thoughtful, informed choice.

Build a strong digital presence

Chances are, your international recruiter will Google you, and what shows up first matters. Will it be your professional profile or your vacation photos?

Do a quick search of your name and review the results from a recruiter's point of view. If your social media accounts are front and center or worse, show questionable content it's time to clean things up. Delete old posts if needed, or switch personal accounts to private.

Next, focus on your LinkedIn profile (or another platform relevant to your field). Make sure it's up to date, includes keywords aligned with your international job goals, and if you haven't already is written in English.

It's also worth checking whether your target country uses other professional platforms. For instance, professionals in German-speaking countries often use Xing in addition to LinkedIn. Creating a profile there can boost your visibility with local recruiters.

Strong references: Your passport to an international career

In many countries, references can matter more than degrees. A strong recommendation letter often carries more weight than a qualification alone.

Reach out to former managers or colleagues and ask for a recommendation letter ideally translated into English or the language of your target country. The letter should be tailored to you, highlighting your strengths and offering a concrete example of your work in action.

Also, prepare a clear and well-organized reference list, including the person's name, job title, company, email address, and a brief explanation of how you worked together.

And don't forget LinkedIn. Asking for recommendations directly on your profile can boost your credibility. Just like with any product, recruiters often look for reviews before making a choice.

Craft a strong elevator pitch in 30 seconds

In many countries especially in English-speaking ones you're expected to introduce yourself clearly and concisely. This is where your personal elevator pitch comes in. In just 30 to 60 seconds, you should be able to explain who you are, what you do, what you're looking for, and what value you bring to a new role.

Career coach Ashley Stahl told that your pitch is a chance to stand out and show what makes you unique. Instead of listing all your skills, tell a brief story about yourself the why' behind your passion for the job and link it to the skills you use in your career. For example, if you spent your childhood taking apart and rebuilding computers, that's a perfect story to share if you're applying for an engineering role.

You get the idea. A well-crafted pitch helps you make a memorable impression and gives international recruiters a reason to remember you.

Giving birth abroad: Between necessity and birth tourism

More and more expat families are experiencing childbirth outside their home country. Still, the idea of giving birth in a foreign country can stir up anxiety. One shared her thoughts on a forum: It's really hard to be far from my parents and my culture. I'm sad my mother won't be here for the first days and important milestones. Overall, I feel like expats face a lot of challenges when going through pregnancy abroad.

While some parents find themselves navigating childbirth abroad out of necessity, others deliberately choose to give birth in a foreign country, which is often referred to as birth tourism. This is particularly common in countries like the United States and Canada. A looked at why some Nigerian women opt to give birth in North America. Their reasons often include the chance to secure citizenship for their child (thanks to birthright laws) and to benefit from what they perceive as higher-quality maternity care.

What are the benefits of giving birth abroad?

Access to high-quality medical care

In the US, I was surrounded by two or three healthcare professionals. The doctor stayed by my side. The difference in technology compared to my home country was huge. Everything was monitored constantly, and I was kept well informed throughout labor", testified a Nigerian woman in the .

Many expectant mothers share this woman's hope of accessing better-equipped hospitals and highly trained professionals when giving birth abroad. Countries with advanced healthcare systems, such as those in Scandinavia, are often praised for their modern facilities and high standards of maternity care.

Coverage of pregnancy and childbirth costs

In many countries, public healthcare systems provide comprehensive coverage for pregnancy-related expenses, including prenatal checkups and postnatal care.

A shared how surprised she was by the level of support she received: My midwife checked in on me so often, and so thoroughly and it was all covered by my German health insurance.

, for example, provides extensive postpartum care through its statutory health insurance. New mothers are entitled to at least two home visits per day from a midwife during the first eleven days after birth, and this support can extend up to twelve weeks after delivery. No private insurance or add-ons are required.

A less medicalized approach

In some countries, childbirth tends to follow a more natural, less intervention-heavy model. Take the Netherlands, for example: only around 20% of women choose to have an epidural, compared to 82.7% in . Home births are also still relatively common, with about one in six Dutch women delivering their babies at home.

That said, childbirth practices vary significantly across countries. Not every experience is straightforward, and some challenges can be tough to navigate.

Challenges of giving birth abroad

The language and cultural barrier

Sophie remembers attending prenatal classes in Germany shortly after she arrived, with only a basic grasp of the language. She had to quickly pick up medical terms and muddle through with limited grammar. The experience was stressful, especially when it felt like much of the information was slipping past her.

Cultural differences become even more noticeable once the baby is born. In France, it's common for mothers to return to work as soon as their statutory leave ends. In Germany, however, women who place their babies in daycare early may be judged harshly, even earning the label Rabenmutter, or bad mother.

Different medical protocols

Even with a good grasp of the language, expat parents can still find themselves facing unfamiliar medical procedures. Protocols around pregnancy and childbirth often differ widely from one country to another.

For example, the number of required ultrasounds varies from one location to another. Some countries make certain screenings mandatory, while others leave them optional. Likewise, procedures like C-sections or episiotomies are handled differently depending on local medical guidelines and standards of care.

Being far from family

The postpartum period can be emotionally and physically demanding, and without the support of close family, many expat mothers feel isolated and overwhelmed by the realities of newborn care. My parents came to visit for two weeks after my baby was born. When they left, it was a nightmare. Caring for a newborn alone was exhausting (my partner had very little leave). Once my baby had received the 2-month vaccines, I flew to Spain to spend the rest of my maternity leave with my family", shares a .

For families with older children, the challenges multiply. Without nearby relatives, figuring out who will care for the siblings while the mother is in the hospital becomes a major concern.

Tips for a smooth birth experience overseas

Choose the right maternity hospital

Start by researching hospitals and clinics in your area. If possible, visit them in person. Many facilities offer open houses or welcome sessions where you can tour the maternity ward and speak with staff. Make sure to check whether they have an emergency neonatal unit just in case.

Once you've chosen a hospital, you'll usually be asked to return before the birth to complete some administrative paperwork. It's a step best handled in advance rather than on the big day. This is also when you can share your birth plan, outlining your preferences whether you'd like an epidural, specific birth positions, or your partner present during delivery.

Plan ahead for costs and your child's health coverage

In addition to delivery-related costs, be sure to look into your baby's health coverage after birth. You'll need to register your newborn with your public or private health insurance provider. It's also important to review any coverage limits especially for neonatal hospital stays and check whether your chosen hospital is part of your insurance's network. Some insurers offer direct billing options, which can save you from paying large sums upfront.

Register the birth with the appropriate authorities

In most countries, foreign nationals must register their child's birth with the local civil registry, not directly with their home country's embassy or consulate. For example, a is required to register the birth with the German authorities. This step is mandatory, according to the French Embassy in Germany.

To obtain a French birth certificate, parents must then request a transcription of the German birth certificate. This can be done by mail or online through French consular services there's no need to go to the embassy or consulate in person.

Keep in mind that birth declaration deadlines vary by country, typically ranging from 3 to 30 days after delivery. It's a good idea to contact your embassy or consulate in advance to find out exactly where and how to complete the process.

Connect with other mothers

If you're far from family, connecting with other expat or local moms can be invaluable. Look for support groups that focus on breastfeeding, postpartum care, or shared experiences. Many cities organize mother meetups or group sessions. Maternity wards and gynecologists often share this information. Check your city's website as well.

Online groups are also helpful. Facebook and parenting forums can offer tips, pediatrician recommendations, and practical support.

Know the legal framework around birth and citizenship

Giving birth abroad also means understanding the legal implications, particularly your child's nationality.Some countries, like the US, apply jus soli (right of soil): any child born on US territory automatically becomes a US citizen, regardless of the parents' nationality (under the 14th Amendment of the Constitution). Be aware of any related legal and tax implications, especially for US citizens.
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Sponsoring relatives: What you need to know

Before anything else, ensure your immigration status allows you to sponsor family members. This depends on whether you're a citizen, permanent resident, or temporary resident. In some cases, international students face restrictions for example, the has tightened rules around family reunification. On the other hand, certain residence permits come with clear advantages. The European Blue Card in countries like or the may offer more flexibility for bringing family over.

Eligibility requirements to fulfill

Make sure the relatives you want to sponsor meet all the necessary conditions. This includes having a clean criminal record, respecting the terms of their current residence permit if they've already arrived, and sharing any relevant medical information, such as a disability. You'll also need to meet specific criteria yourself, like having stable finances, proof of employment, and a clean criminal record.

Pay attention to your financial resources

Your financial situation is a crucial part of any sponsorship application. You need to show that you can support your family this means having a steady income, secure employment, and suitable housing. Many countries have recently raised the minimum income required to sponsor relatives. If your finances are unstable for example, if you have unpaid debts or are under a banking ban your application could be denied.

Respect the timelines

Staying beyond the time allowed on your visa or permit puts you in an illegal situation even if you're married to a citizen or have close family ties with a permanent resident. These relationships don't automatically grant exceptions, so it's essential to follow the rules and timelines set by the host country.

For spouses

Check how the host country defines spouse. Some countries recognize common-law partnerships; others do not. If not, you'll need to be legally married before sponsoring your partner. A sponsored spouse's status may change in the event of separation or divorce. Generally, your spouse is not at risk if the sponsorship was approved before the separation. But it all depends on the host country's legislation. For example, in , sponsorship continues for three years after your spouse obtains permanent residency. During that time, you're still responsible for meeting their basic needs. However, the application will logically be denied if the separation happens before the sponsorship request.

Sponsoring a relative: Examples from the United States

The allows you to sponsor relatives under certain conditions:

• You must be a US citizen or permanent resident.
• You can sponsor immediate relatives or other close family members. However, the visa application process differs depending on the category of the family member.

Immediate relatives

This category includes your spouse, unmarried children under 21, and your parents. You can sponsor them by applying for an for a spouse, an for children, or an for parents. There's no limit to the number of visas you can request.

Other close family members

This category includes your siblings (F-4 visa) and children who don't fall under the immediate relatives group. These may be unmarried children aged 21 or older (F-1 visa) or married children (F-3 visa). If you're a permanent resident, you can sponsor your spouse and unmarried children using the F-2A visa (for spouses and unmarried children under 21) or the F-2B visa (for unmarried children 21 and over).

What to do if the residence permit has expired

You're a US citizen and married an expat who was on a temporary work permit, but the permit expired after the marriage, and no extension could be filed, whether due to job loss, administrative delays, or other issues.

Another example: your spouse arrived nearly 10 years ago on a student visa, but that visa expired several years ago.

Marriage and overstayingÌýÌý

Many believe that marrying a US citizen automatically fixes the immigration status of an expat who has overstayed their visa, or at least does so quickly. But the reality is more complicated.

The US government clearly states that anyone who stays beyond the authorized period on their visa is considered to have , regardless of their personal situation, whether they're married to a US citizen or related to one. Penalties depend on how long the person has overstayed.

• Overstay under 180 days: Your spouse won't be barred from entering the US in the future. Sponsorship may still be possible if all eligibility criteria are met. However, the overstay stays on record, and you'll need to convince the consular officer that your case is strong. Officers do consider past compliance with visa terms.
• Overstay between 180 days and 1 year: Your spouse will face a 3-year reentry ban.
• Overstay of 1 year or more: The ban increases to 10 years.

Exceptions

In some cases, the US government will not penalize your spouse or family member for overstaying:

• Your relative is under 18.
• They applied for asylum, the case is still pending, and their good faith has been recognized.
• Your sponsorship request whether for a green card, an extension, or a change of status is currently being processed.

Can you sponsor a spouse staying irregularly?

While the general rules still apply, the US government gives your spouse priority status if you're an American citizen. This comes with two key advantages:

• They can apply for an , even if they're currently in the US without legal status. The authorities will still review the application.
• This request can be filed without leaving the country. If approved, your spouse will receive a green card.

Still, the process is complex. You must provide all required documents. For example, adjustment of status is only possible if your spouse originally entered the US legally and your marriage is legally valid.

The process is even more difficult for permanent residents who want to sponsor a spouse in an irregular status.

Sponsoring a relative: Examples from France

Pay close attention to your status before starting any sponsorship procedures. You need to confirm that your current status allows you to sponsor relatives. The French Office for Immigration and Integration (OFII) provides a to help you check your eligibility, whether you're a French citizen, an EU national, or a non-EU citizen.

You are French

According to OFII and the , family reunification is not available to French citizens it's a procedure reserved for foreign nationals. However, you can . They must first that also serves as a residence permit, allowing them to live in France for one year without needing a separate permit. After that, they can apply for a residence permit, provided they meet the eligibility criteria.

You are a foreigner, EU national

As an EU citizen, you are not required to undergo family reunification. According to , your close relatives including your parents, spouse, children, siblings, aunts, uncles, and grandparents can join you in France, regardless of their nationality. In some cases, you may also be able to sponsor your partner.

Keep in mind that:

• If you're an international student, you cannot sponsor your ascendants (parents or grandparents).
• If one of your relatives depends on you due to a serious illness, they may be eligible for a residence permit but only after a medical assessment confirms their condition. If they're not European, they must apply for a residence card within three months of arriving in France.
• Your financial situation will be closely examined. You must show that you can adequately support your relatives.
• If your request is approved, your family members will receive a .

You are a foreigner, non-EU citizen

According to OFII, your sponsorship request may be approved as long as you submit all required documents if you've been living legally in France for . Foreign talents benefit from a faster process: if you hold a , you don't need to go through the standard family reunification procedure. Instead, you can apply directly for a residence card.

Important:

A separate process applies to refugees. The French government allows once refugee or stateless status has been granted meaning you are legally residing in France. If you meet the conditions, you can sponsor your legal spouse or partner, as well as your minor children. Unmarried minor refugees may also request reunification with their parents and, in some cases, their unmarried siblings.

AI boom and talent shortage

Published on January 8, 2025, the World Economic Forum's report offers a glimpse into a world increasingly shaped by artificial intelligence more accurately, artificial intelligences in the plural. This disruption carries both promise and risk. According to the report's authors, the outcome will depend heavily on how governments choose to respond.

Yet it's no longer possible to think solely within national boundaries. With growing interdependence especially in the global job market international cooperation is essential. The challenge? Countries aren't starting from the same place. AI is affecting industries and regions in vastly different ways, and not always for the better.

International career: The new AI jobs

According to the report, technological shifts, aging populations, and climate challenges are expected to create around 170 million jobs worldwide by 2030. At the same time, those very forces are projected to eliminate 92 million jobs, especially roles that can be automated.

While many of the new jobs linked to AI are emerging in the tech sector, the impact doesn't stop there. Medicine, marketing, commerce, finance, accounting, environmental management, and industry are all seeing the rise of AI-driven roles. The influence of AI is spreading far beyond Silicon Valley.

Jobs that are hiring

Cognitician: This role spans multiple industries from telemedicine and automotive voice assistants to drone systems in defense and interactive game design. Cogniticians develop systems, software, and applications that mirror human thought processes. Their work requires a strong grasp of algorithms, combined with deep knowledge of human psychology.

Data scientist: With businesses generating more data than ever, data scientists are in high demand. They analyze and interpret large datasets, building algorithms tailored to specific business needs. Their expertise is sought in fields like commerce, marketing, communications, and healthcare.

Machine learning engineer: These specialists build the algorithms that allow AI systems to learn and improve over time. Their work forms the backbone of artificial intelligence development, making them indispensable in the field.

Other AI-related roles also face a talent shortage. These include AI Engineer, Prompt Engineer, AI Ethics Officer, Chatbot Project Manager, Data Architect, Kill Switch Engineer (focused on maintaining and organizing security systems in collaboration with cybersecurity experts), Cybersecurity Specialist, AI Trainer, Machine Manager, Digital Transformation Officer, Deepfake Reviewer (responsible for detecting and flagging fake content), AI Consultant. The job landscape is evolving fast, and so is the need for skilled professionals to shape it.

Behind the AI boom: AI trainers with stalled careers

How do we teach machines to recognize and respond to the world around them? It starts with labeled data images, texts, and sounds tagged with relevant information. A photo of a flower marked to show petals and stem, or a picture of a person labeled with their mood. These essential annotations are created by AI trainers.

But while their work is foundational to how AI learns, AI trainers rarely receive the recognition or compensation they deserve. Often hired in low-cost labor markets, they work behind the scenes, far from the spotlight of the tech industry. Their pay is minimal typically just a few cents per task and their working conditions are precarious. Most are paid per click, performing repetitive labor under tight deadlines, often without contracts or job security.

AI ethics officers are beginning to raise concerns about this imbalance. Many trainers are bound by strict confidentiality clauses that prevent them from naming their employers. Those who speak out describe exhausting conditions, low wages, mental health struggles, and frequent exposure to disturbing content. Despite being vital to AI development, they remain invisible to the very companies whose technologies they help build.

AI: What to study for a successful international career

The rise of AI has made education more important than ever. The report highlights a growing skills gap already felt by companies a challenge that's especially relevant for expats pursuing international careers.

Building an AI culture starts with choosing the right academic path. Engineering schools and universities that offer programs in big data, computer science, statistics, or marketing are a solid starting point. But beyond general training, it's crucial to focus on specializations that align with your career goals.

Take the cognitician, for example. This role often requires a degree in cognitive science, applied mathematics, or computer science, along with a strong foundation in the humanities. Understanding how people think is key to translating those patterns into effective code. It's this blend of technical skill and human insight that defines the future of AI careers.

AI culture : The world's best universities

Choosing the right academic program is essential for international students aiming to launch a global career. There are two smart strategies: either specialize directly in AI or study in a field where AI knowledge adds value, even if the connection isn't immediately obvious.

Some of the world's top universities excel in both overall education and AI-related disciplines. Leading institutions include Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), the University of Sydney, ETH Zurich, Stanford University (California), Tsinghua University (China), Oxford University, and Yonsei University (South Korea). Each offers strong programs and an international outlook that can help students build a solid foundation in today's AI-driven world.

Online courses

Tech giants are now offering their own AI training programs. Microsoft runs the , while Google has launched its . Meta has developed its own set of as well.

Governments are also stepping in. France offers a free course called . The UK has created a dedicated . In the U.S., a is available, too, though it's currently limited to federal government employees.

What skills should you develop to succeed abroad?

Experts point to four essential skills for building a successful international career. These are based on the idea that expats aim for future-ready roles, and are open to reskilling when needed to remain competitive in the global job market.

Develop AI skills

Unsurprisingly, expats are encouraged to strengthen their knowledge of AI. According to the report, AI and information processing technologies are the main forces driving business transformation. The 2025 by Coursera highlights a striking figure: demand for generative AI skills has skyrocketed by 866% in just one year.

For companies, AI expertise has become a must-have. At the top of the list is generative AI a technology many call the most significant economic disruptor since the industrial revolution. The challenge? There's a major talent shortage.

Other highly sought-after skills include a deep understanding of artificial neural networks complex systems of algorithms that enable computers to interpret images (computer vision) or understand text. Employers are also seeking professionals trained in deep learning, machine learning, and reinforcement learning.

Build expertise in cybersecurity and risk management

The rise of AI has brought with it a sharp increase in cyberattacks. According to a , ransomware groups claimed responsibility for over 5,400 attacks on companies worldwide. The actual number is likely even higher, as many incidents go unreported, often due to fear of reputational damage. These attacks aren't just disruptive they're expensive. In 2024 alone, they cost more than $130 million. No sector is immune. Even government agencies have come under fire.

As a result, the need for cybersecurity professionals has never been more urgent. In recent years, roles in cybersecurity, network analysis, and risk management have ranked among the most sought-after globally.

Employers are actively seeking candidates with expertise in these areas. The World Economic Forum confirms the trend: demand for cybersecurity and risk management skills jumped by 70% in just one year.

Be versatile

Experts agree: versatility is one of the most important skills for today's workforce and even more so for those pursuing an international career. As AI continues to transform the job market, workers must be ready to adapt. That means embracing lifelong learning the ongoing process of acquiring new skills to stay relevant.

Yet this is easier said than done. According to the World Economic Forum, 60% of companies worldwide report a shortage of qualified talent. Meanwhile, 66% are specifically looking for employees who are flexible, resilient, and eager to learn. Curiosity and the willingness to retrain are increasingly valued up 61% in demand but motivation alone isn't enough. People also need access to training that works for them.

The report points to several obstacles standing in the way. These barriers can be social or cultural, affecting both locals and expats. For some, stepping away from a job they love to learn something new is emotionally challenging. For others, it's the practical side of life juggling family, work, or financial pressures that makes long-term training feel out of reach. In many cases, there are also structural problems: lack of training centers, unreliable infrastructure, or poor internet access in the country of residence.

Versatility and residency status

Expats may face difficulties, such as trouble enrolling in a course or getting support because of their residence permit. If their work visa is limited to a specific job, changing sectors becomes more difficult unless they initiate new procedures to change their status.

Cultivating creativity and tech culture

The push for ongoing training throughout an international career goes hand in hand with developing creativity and technological culture. Tech culture refers to the knowledge a worker builds in the technological field, digital, IT, and related areas. For those aiming for an international career, a strong tech culture helps them adapt to different techniques and work environments. Curious and versatile, they are aware of the tools used in the host country and can compare them to those in other countries.

According to the WEF report, 66% of companies want more creativity from their workers. Creativity, empathy, teamwork, motivation, and the ability to motivate others these human, social (soft) skills are just as essential as hard (technical) skills and are among the most sought-after by companies worldwide.

How to build a successful international career?

Experts agree that study choices are crucial. Therefore, target the most promising sectors. Studying abroad can be a significant advantage, as you will instantly have a more international profile. However, prospective expats can also consider internship opportunities. The key remains lifelong training. That's why some foreign talents opt for short-term contracts: a few years in one company before moving to another country. Naturally, this lifestyle is easier when you're a solo expat.Macroeconomic data sometimes disregard a vital aspect: the personal life of the foreign worker. How can you retrain and potentially earn less for a long time without impacting the family budget (raising the question of access to reskilling support)? Can we still be serial expats in the era of climate emergency? These are perhaps the next challenges to tackle to define and succeed in an international career.

Higher education to become a strategic economic sector

Transforming Mauritius into an international higher education hub is part of a broader strategy for economic diversification. The tourism industry never fully recovered from the blow dealt by the COVID-19 pandemic. shows that tourist numbers during a two-month peak season period remain about 100,000 lower than in the same period in 2019. To compensate for the decline in tourism, the government is shifting its focus to more resilient sectors that can generate foreign revenue: higher education is one of them.

In his budget speech delivered in early June, Prime Minister Dr. Navin Ramgoolam outlined the following key points regarding the higher education sector:

• Encourage foreign universities to open campuses and offer courses in Mauritius.
• Collaborate with private stakeholders to create a marketing strategy for the Study Mauritius brand abroad.
• Double the number of international students in Mauritius by 2028. According to the latest from the Higher Education Commission (HEC) for 2023, there were approximately 3,000 international students in Mauritius two years ago. The objective is to increase this number to over 6,000 within the next three years.
• Build a student dormitory for international students in Réduit, a centrally located area of Mauritius that hosts major institutions, including the University of Mauritius, the Open University of Mauritius, the Mauritius Institute of Education, and Polytechnic Mauritius.
• Invest Rs 438 million (about US$10 million) in improving the infrastructure of educational institutions.
• Establish a National Education Council and a National Curriculum Advisory Board to enhance the quality of education, including at the university level.
• Invest in research and innovation, so that Mauritius becomes an education hub that not only consumes knowledge but also produces it.

In early June, the Ministry of Tertiary Education, Science, and Research held the to discuss all of the above points with key stakeholders, including academics and researchers, university students, employers, and policymakers. The goal was to help the ministry shape a roadmap for the internationalization of the country's higher education sector. More updates are likely to be announced in the coming months.

The quality and affordability of Mauritius makes it popular with Indian and African students

The of the Higher Education Commission (HEC) gave details about the demographic makeup of international students in Mauritius. Slightly over 30% come from India, and the rest mostly come from a range of African countries: Madagascar, Nigeria, Kenya, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Tanzania.

The reports cite that the combination of high quality and affordability is a factor that attracts them. Mauritius is home to the global campuses of British, French, and Australian universities, such as Middlesex University, the University Paris-Panthéon-Assas, and Curtin University. For international students from developing countries, attending these universities in Europe or Australia might be too expensive. In comparison, they can obtain the exact same degrees while living in a more affordable study destination, namely Mauritius. Most international students on the island choose STEM subjects, especially medicine and computer science, which also supports the government's push to grow research in these fields.

Housing stress could be eased with the new hall for international students

Housing can be a significant challenge for international students in Mauritius. Because the island is small and family plays a central role in the local culture, most domestic students live with their parents while attending university. They simply commute from the family home to campus each day by metro, bus, or car. As a result, there has traditionally been little demand for student dormitories. The few dorms that do exist are mainly operated by private or international universities, such as , rather than local public institutions like the University of Mauritius.

As a result, many international students often have to go through the hassle of hunting for rental housing and finding housemates to share the cost. Even modest homes can rent for around Rs 15,000 (approximately USD 335) per month, which is just slightly below the national minimum wage of Rs 17,110 (approximately USD 382). It might not sound like a lot to students from wealthier countries, but for many Malagasy or Indian students, it's quite a strain. Building a state-funded hall of residence near major public universities might well solve this problem.Ìý

When I first moved to Brazil in 2013 and started travelling the region, expats were a rare sight outside of major cities. Most visitors were backpackers, and the digital nomad communities were novel and small. Fast forward to the present day and you have mass expat destinations in the likes of Mexico City and Medellin, which have gone as far as causing protests from the local community. A decade ago, my current country of residence, Paraguay, was largely unheard of by most travelers. Fast-forward to today, and it is slowly becoming a regional hotspot for digital nomads and location-independent professionals seeking a tax-friendly residency in the Southern Cone of the continent.Ìý

Among the most powerful benefits that Latin America has to offer is the accessibility to strong passports through some of the quickest routes to citizenship in the world. In a number of nations, like Peru, Argentina, the Dominican Republic, and Paraguay, a 2-3 year stay as an expat would make you eligible to apply for citizenship. This is especially interesting to expats who are sent overseas on a mid-term contract and seek such an opportunity, since most countries in the region will count the time spent on a work contract or temporary residency towards naturalization. I mean, where else can you live in the world for just a few years and leave with a second passport?Ìý

In this article, I will discuss the best expat destinations in Latin America and how to obtain residency in these countries.Ìý

Why Latin America will have more expats in 2025Ìý

The Latin American dream is more alive than ever in 2025. Remote work has become a global standard in some industries, and many professionals who used to seek work relocation to Western Europe or Southeast Asia are now shifting to Latin American nations such as Panama, Mexico, Costa Rica, Argentina, and Brazil. And it is easy to understand why.Ìý

Expats on corporate assignments, foreign postings, or overseas contracts are also increasing in number, as many countries in Latin America are experiencing advancements in business across major sectors, including energy and infrastructure, finance, technology, and agriculture. These growing economies are in need of foreign talent to aid in the growth, and companies are exporting more professionals to satisfy the demand.

The governments in the region have reacted accordingly, and we have witnessed in the last couple of years a proliferation of digital nomad visas,Ìýresidency-by-investment programs alongside some of the quickest citizenship routes on the planet. Nations are not only opening their doors to tourists but also to expats to invest, settle and put down roots.Ìý

Latin America is not all about lifestyle as I always tell our clients. It is leverage. It is not just where the opportunities are; it is a case of positioning yourself and planting flags in regions with significant growth potential. Latin America has its problems but there is so much potential.Ìý

Top Latin American countries to live as an expat in 2025Ìý

Countries in South America and Central America are emerging as digital nomad destinations due to a combination of low cost of living, natural beauty, and new visa options. Be it the beautiful beaches, mountains or the busy city life, there is a place to suit every lifestyle.Ìý

The following is a list of the best countries in Latin America that have digital nomad visas, investment programs, and other alternatives that are ideal for expats and remote workers.Ìý

El SalvadorÌý

El Salvador has transformed itself from the murder capital of the world to one of the safest countries in the Western Hemisphere. The country has rapidly emerged as one of the most progressive destinations in Central America, particularly in the crypto and blockchain sector, being the first nation in the world to introduce Bitcoin as a legal tender. Add to that significantly better safety levels, low cost of living, and a laid-back surf culture, and it is not surprising that more international citizens are now taking root here.Ìý

Roads to Residency and Citizenship:Ìý

• Digital Nomad Visa (Active): The applicants must prove that they have a minimum of 1,460 dollars per month in foreign sources. One-year visa, renewable annually.Ìý
• Citizenship by Investment (CBI): The is the quickest citizenship by investment program in the world. It takes only 1 month to get citizenship by investing 1 million USD in USDT or BTC.Ìý
• Crypto tax advantages: Bitcoin and other crypto assets are not subject to capital gains tax, which makes it an even more attractive destination to crypto entrepreneurs and investors.Ìý

Argentina

Argentina has always been a popular destination among European and North American expats, and for good reason. It has all the grand boulevards, strong cafe culture, a vibrant culture and diverse geography. Argentina also has an extremely quick route to citizenship and new opportunities to investors and remote professionals who want to settle there on a long-term basis.Ìý

Roads to Residency and Citizenship:Ìý

• Citizenship in only 2 years of legal residency, which is one of the shortest in the world.Ìý
• Citizenship by Investment: The new will need a minimum investment of 500,000 USD. Waiting to be informed on the investment opportunities.Ìý
• Rentista Visa: Passive income (e.g., real estate, pension). Needs to show evidence of $2,000/month of stable foreign-earned income.Ìý
• Digital Nomad Visa: This is a visa that is meant to accommodate remote workers and freelancers. The applicants will need to demonstrate a minimum of $ 2,500/month income that is non-Argentine.Ìý

BrazilÌý

Brazil is the biggest economy in Latin America and one of the most vibrant places to be an expat in search of professional opportunities as well as a high quality of life. As the country actively develops in fields such as fintech, agribusiness, clean energy, and technology, Brazil remains a destination of interest to international professionals, remote workers, and .Ìý

Cities such as São Paulo offer organization, connectivity and access to a wide professional network, whereas cities such as Florianopolis and Rio have become hotspots of remote workers and digital entrepreneurs. Brazil provides a climate where career development and lifestyle are not mutually incompatible if you can manage to get the balance right (easier said than done!)Ìý

Roads to Residency and Citizenship:Ìý

• Digital Nomad Visa: Must provide evidence of 1,500 USD/month of foreign income or 18,000 USD in savings. One year validity and renewable. Investor Visa: Minimum investment of R$500,000 BRL (~$100,000 USD) in a Brazilian company, or R$150,000 BRL (~$30,000 USD) in innovation/startup sectors.Ìý
• Golden Visa: Available to foreign buyers who invested more than R$1 million BRL in real estate or R$700k in the North East of the country.Ìý
• Permanent Residency: It is usually offered after 2 years of a temporary visa.
• Citizenship: Awarded following 4 years of PR, or 1 year in case of marriage to a Brazilian citizen or a child born in Brazil.

PanamaÌý

Panama has always been regarded as one of the most expat-friendly nations in Latin America, and in 2025, it remains one of the most tax-friendly countries, with foreign-sourced income not taxed in Panama.Ìý

The country also has great infrastructure, boasting a modern skyline, top-notch banking facilities, and a stable business climate. Panama City is a modern city with good connectivity, world-class banking facilities, and a stable business environment with a strategic location and a U.S. dollar economy. At the same time, mountain towns such as Boquete are more attractive to those seeking a slower pace of life with more nature around them.Ìý

Together with low barriers to entry and high connectivity, it is one of the most effective jurisdictions to obtain legal residency as an expat with a long-term perspective.Ìý

Roads to Residency and Citizenship:Ìý

• Digital Nomad Visa: The Short Stay Visa for Remote Workers. Must show evidence of foreign income of at least 3,000 USD/month and a valid health insurance. Valid 9 months, renewable one time.Ìý
• Friendly Nations Visa: It is accessible to the citizens of 50+ countries. Needs an investment or a professional connection to Panama (e.g., remote employment or a Panamanian business ownership). Results in permanent residency after 2 years.Ìý
• Qualified Investor Visa: The applicant must invest at least 300,000 USD in real estate, Panamanian stocks, or a fixed-term deposit. The investment threshold will be higher, and it is recommended that the application be made early.Ìý
• Pensionado Visa: Retirees or those who can afford to live off their lifetime income of at least $1,000/month. Offers discounts on various goods and services.Ìý
• Citizenship: Can be obtained after 5 years of permanent residency (or 3 years in case of marriage to a Panamanian citizen).Ìý

ParaguayÌý

Paraguay has emerged as one of the most underrated expat destinations in Latin America, as far as residency and long-term opportunities are concerned. Having a simplified immigration system, low cost of living, a territorial tax regime (no tax on foreign income) and MERCOSUR mobility rights, it is becoming an increasingly popular option among those seeking to obtain legal residence without having to jump through too many financial or bureaucratic hoops.Ìý

The nation is attractive to expats who are not interested in high-profile infrastructure but stability, legal flexibility, and access to the region. It might not be as polished as Mexico or Panama, but Paraguay offers actual autonomy and a direct route to permanent residency and citizenship.Ìý

Roads to Residency and Citizenship (2025):Ìý

• Temporary Residency: Suitable for remote workers and location-free professionals. The candidates should prove that they have enough income or financial resources to sustain themselves. The temporary residency lasts 2 years and is the stepping stone to permanent residency.Ìý
• Permanent Residency through the SUACE Program: It is meant to be used by entrepreneurs. The applicants open a business in Paraguay under the SUACE (Sistema Unificado de Apertura y Cierre de Empresas) system and can receive permanent residency in 2-3 months. The minimum investment is 70,000 USD and can be invested within 10 years.Ìý
• Citizenship: Can be obtained following 3 years of permanent residency. The applicants are required to have connections to the country (e.g., local bank account, tax filings, visits), as well as basic Spanish proficiency and integration.Ìý

MexicoÌý

Mexico remains among the most sought-after expat destinations in the Americas and rightly so. It is close to the U.S. and Canada, has a low cost of living, a rich culture, and a variety of climates and lifestyles, which makes it a perfect place to retire, become a digital nomad, and a professional who wants to have a medium-to-long-term residency option.Ìý

The large urban areas, such as Mexico City and Guadalajara, are home to tech workers, creatives, and entrepreneurs, whereas beach towns, including Playa del Carmen, Puerto Vallarta, and Tulum, are a haven for digital nomads and remote-first communities. The residency programs in Mexico are lenient and comparatively fast to acquire, hence it is one of the easiest countries in Latin America that expats can move to.Ìý

Roads to Residency and Citizenship:Ìý

• Temporary Residency (By Economic Means): Must demonstrate foreign income - usually 4,185 USD/month in the last 6 months, or 69,750 USD in savings during the last year. It is granted on a 1-year basis and renewable annually up to 4 years.
• Permanent Residency for Retirees (By Economic Solvency): Pension or passive income of at least 6,970 USD/month or savings of 279,000 USD. In many cases, applicants are granted Permanent Residency initially.Ìý
• Real Estate-Based Residency: In certain consulates, the ownership of property worth approximately 250,000-350,000 USD can be used as evidence of economic solvency. It is not an official investment route, but it can help in a residency application when coupled with legal assistance.Ìý
• Citizenship: Accessible following 5 years of lawful residency, or 2 years in case of marriage to a Mexican citizen or having a child born in Mexico. The candidates should take a Spanish language and cultural test.Ìý

Latin America: The new frontier for expatsÌý

Having lived and worked in Latin America for more than 10 years, I have witnessed the way this region has become one of the most significant global mobility frontiers without making any noise. It is currently appealing to an increasingly large number of expats, location-independent workers, and globally minded families with more traditional values who are seeking more freedom, flexibility, and long-term opportunities.Ìý

The region is affordable, the lifestyle is varied and satisfying, and residency and pathways to citizenship are some of the most open in the world. Almost equally important, more governments in the region are becoming more welcoming to foreign talent, not merely tolerating it.Ìý

Consider the case of Argentina with its accelerated citizenship and cafe culture, El Salvador with its open attitude to cryptocurrency and carefree beaches of the Pacific, or Brazil with its economic promise and stunning scenery. Latin America has a richness of options that is hard to beat.Ìý

We've entered a new chapter. One where more people are choosing to be intentional about how and where they live. Whether it's finding deeper meaning in your work, embracing a slower rhythm of life, or unlocking greater global freedom, Latin America offers a rare mix of possibility and practicality for those able to adapt. In 2025, Latin America is where many expats are redefining what a richer, more balanced life looks like.

Yukon Territory, Canada

Yukon is one of the ancestral homelands of the First Nations, where their culture continues to thrive, expressed through language, art, and cuisine. Here, nature dominates, covering nearly 80% of the land. This remote corner of northwestern Canada, bordered by Alaska, British Columbia, and the Northwest Territories, offers vast, untouched landscapes largely free from human impact.

Yukon is home to Canada's tallest mountains and the largest non-polar ice fields. Mount Logan, located in Kluane National Park (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), rises to 5,959 meters. Its waterways are just as striking: the Yukon River stretches more than 3,000 kilometers. For those seeking peace and fresh air, Yukon is ideal. Adventurous expats might be drawn to Dawson City, a historic town shaped by the Gold Rush.

Moving to Yukon

Yukon participates in the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP), which allows provinces and territories to select eligible foreign candidates for immigration. In 2020, a new pilot program was launched specifically for Yukon and is set to run through 2025. For full details, visit the official website of the Canadian government.

The Swiss Alps

Whether in summer or winter, the Swiss Alps are an ideal escape for expats who love nature or simply want to unplug. Here, nature takes the lead. The region is home to some of the world's most stunning hiking routes, including the Rock Path and the Four Springs Trail.

In the heart of the Alps, the village of Lauterbrunnen sits in a valley surrounded by more than 70 waterfalls, including the iconic Staubbach Falls. Nearby, the village of Grindelwald offers another picture-perfect setting deep in alpine beauty.

Moving to Switzerland

Switzerland offers various residence and work permits, depending on whether the applicant is a citizen of the European Union (EU) or the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Citizens from these countries enjoy freedom of movement within Switzerland, but specific rules still apply for living and working there.

Abilene, Fort Scott, and other Kansas towns

Kansas captures the spirit of historical America. It tells the story of the country's original inhabitants the Native Americans and preserves that heritage in towns like Abilene, Fort Scott, Cottonwood Falls, Lucas, and the capital, Topeka. These places are known for their rich history and natural charm.

For outdoor lovers, Kansas offers endless prairies and meadows. Visit the Joseph H. Williams Tallgrass Prairie the largest of its kind in the world or explore the Flint Hills, another sweeping tallgrass prairie. Monument Rocks, near the Colorado border, is one of the 8 Wonders of Kansas. And for a quiet escape, Prather Creek Falls is among the state's most beautiful waterfalls. Expats with a taste for the open road can trace part of the legendary Route 66, which cuts across the southeastern corner of the state.

Moving to Kansas

Aspiring expats have the opportunity to apply for the U.S. Green Card lottery. Although draw closed on November 7, 2024, other are available for those looking to immigrate to the United States. For details, visit the .

Bát Tràng, Vietnam's Ceramic Village

Just outside Hanoi, in the Gia Lam district, lies Bát Tràng a village renowned for its pottery and ceramics. Choosing life in the Vietnamese countryside means leaving behind the city's noise to enjoy cleaner air and a closer connection to nature.

Even many Vietnamese are returning to the countryside, whether to settle permanently or during key moments like traditional holidays and vacations. Bát Tràng ceramics have been prized since at least the 14th century, a legacy preserved through generations of skilled artisans who continue to adapt their craft.

Local workshops welcome visitors and often offer the chance to try making ceramics by hand. If that sparks your creativity, you might also consider Hasami a town in Japan's Nagasaki Prefecture on Kyushu island also famous for its fine ceramics and artistic tradition.

Moving to Vietnam or Japan

Vietnam has yet to introduce a digital nomad visa, while recently launched one. Both countries offer a range of , with Vietnam providing several types of , depending on the job and the applicant's profile.

Orbetello, a Tuscan village in Italy

This quiet town gives its name to the Orbetello Lagoon a protected nature reserve that stretches across more than 1,500 hectares. Nestled at the center of the lagoon, the village offers a refreshing escape and a complete change of pace for expats seeking a deeper connection with nature.

Located in the Grosseto province of southern Tuscany, Orbetello is a well-known tourist destination. The nearby Feniglia Nature Reserve is a haven for hikers. And for those drawn to history, the ancient Roman city of Cosa found in the Ansedonia area of Orbetello offers a rich archaeological experience.

Moving to Italy

European nationals can live and work in Italy without needing a visa or work permit. For non-European nationals, a residence and work permit is required options include the EU Blue Card or a . More details are available on the and the .

Moving abroad for the outdoors: Additional tips

There are countless towns and small communities that suit expats who love the outdoors. However, before making the leap, ensure your work setup aligns with your new environment.

• Do you need a stable internet connection?
• Do you require a fixed workspace or special equipment?
• Can you bring your tools or materials with you?
• Do you have frequent meetings?
• Can you manage time zone differences while working remotely?

While many places even in remote areas have adapted to modern lifestyles, others remain completely off the grid, with no internet, electricity, or running water. It all depends on what you're looking for.

Also, consider how long you plan to stay:

• Are you moving abroad for just a few months or several years?
• Some expats take short, nature-focused breaks once or twice a year.
• Others arrange extended stays of a few months by adjusting their work schedules.
• Many explore different countries using digital nomad visas for short-term stays.

Each option is valid. Take the time to find what works best for your goals and lifestyle.

Student visas: A difficult restart

After weeks of uncertainty, international students can finally resume the visa application process. But many are likely to face disappointment. On June 18, the Trump administration announced that student visa reviews would restart, under much tighter scrutiny, especially of applicants' social media. Any anti-American content could count against them. According to officials in Washington, the goal is to distinguish genuine students from others. The administration warns that these stricter controls will inevitably slow down processing times.

The confrontation with Harvard briefly barred from admitting international students showed just how far the administration was willing to go. Although a federal judge overturned the decision on May 20, the unease remains, spreading well beyond US borders. One high-profile example is Princess Elisabeth of Belgium, a Harvard student caught up in the policy changes. At the same time, the US president seems determined to restrict students from specific countries, particularly China, Venezuela, Laos, and Cuba. Earlier in June, he either banned or limited visa access for nationals from about twenty African and Asian countries.

Fewer talents in the US

Panic is spreading among international students. Meanwhile, economists warn that the government's new measures could hurt not just the education sector, but the broader economy as well.

At the heart of the administration's policy is a simple argument: international students are taking spots that should go to Americans. As future workers, they're also seen as a threat to local employment. The belief is that companies prefer hiring cheap foreign talent over more expensive American workers.

But the data tells a different story. According to the , around 2.1 million foreign nationals who entered the US on student visas and held a bachelor's degree were working full-time in 2023. Their median salary was USD 115,000 significantly higher than the USD 87,000 earned by American citizens. The survey also shows that international graduates tend to earn more than their US peers and are more likely to hold advanced degrees. Most work in high-paying fields like information and communication technology, computer science, or entrepreneurship.

Indian and Chinese graduates topped the earnings chart in 2023, with annual salaries of USD 372,000 and USD 303,000, respectively, far ahead of the median US salaries of USD 146,000 and USD 125,000.

Economists emphasize that international students are a vital part of the American workforce. Reducing their numbers, they argue, could end up slowing the country's economic momentum.

More talent for other countries?

Without explicitly saying, one country's loss is another's gain, competing nations are rushing to attract those disillusioned with the fading American dream. The US, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia have long been the go-to destinations for international students and skilled migrants. But is the global landscape of higher education starting to shift? While these traditional host countries may lose some of their shine, they remain among the top choices for international students in 2025.

Betting on exchange programs to attract more students

As immigration policies grow more restrictive, traditional destinations now face rising competition from emerging international education hubs. Despite potential language barriers, countries like Japan, South Korea, and Finland are attracting a growing number of international students. Their appeal lies in a few key strengths: globally respected academic programs such as Japan's leadership in research, engineering, and robotics courses offered in English, language learning opportunities, and strong investments in academic exchange initiatives.

Universities in cities like , , and are actively promoting language and academic exchange programs to raise their international profile. Other destinations gaining momentum include the Netherlands (notably the University of ), Ireland (), Costa Rica (), South Africa (), and the ().

France's challenge: Attracting american talent

Trump's crackdown is also driving away homegrown talent and France is stepping in to keep the next generation of bright minds from looking elsewhere. But the country is struggling to compete with its English-speaking rivals. To stay in the game, France is expanding its English-language programs and focusing on high-demand fields like science and research.

While the US slashes research budgets and erases millions of scientific datasets, France is rolling out the platform, offering a warm welcome to American researchers. On Thursday, June 26, Aix-Marseille University hosted its first group of US scientists with more expected to follow. The question now is whether France can match its ambitions with the resources to make them a reality.

Germany: A new magnet for international students

In recent years, Germany's strong reputation in engineering and IT has drawn a growing number of international students. Like Italy, Croatia, Spain, and several other European countries, Germany is grappling with a shrinking population and the loss of young graduates. Much of its current momentum is fueled by international students. In 2024, their share among first-year university enrollments jumped by over 10%, while the number of German first-year students fell by 1.1%.

Although international students are helping drive economic growth, many still face hurdles when trying to secure long-term employment. How the new Chancellor, Friedrich Merz, will navigate this challenge remains to be seen. While he maintains that Germany is a country of immigration, he has also signaled plans to limit migration.

What future for global student mobility?

Where should students look to study in 2025 and beyond? Could Trump's policies trigger an impact as significant as Brexit? The UK's exit from the European Union had a swift and dramatic effect on EU student enrollment, largely due to the sharp rise in tuition fees. Are we now seeing a similar global shift? It's hard to tell. American universities still carry immense influence, and many are actively pushing back against federal policies. Yet for some students and their families, the current political climate may be enough to prompt a change in plans and reconsider where they want to build their future.

Could you pleaseÌýintroduce yourself?ÌýWho is Dr Prevatt, and what interested you in travelingÌýchildren'sÌýhealth?

I'm a Paediatrician with a passion for travel. I always wanted to travel the world and work overseas. After completing paediatric infection training in London, I trained in tropical andÌýTravel Medicine at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, where I achieved the first fellowship concentrating on the needs of travelling pregnant women and children.ÌýI travelled extensively and worked as a tropical paediatrician in Lesotho, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and the Pacific Islands.ÌýEventually, I returned to the UK, and I decided to focus on prevention, not only of tropical illnesses but also routine diseases and accidents that can happen overseas.Ìý

Currently, I hold the position of Chair for Paediatrics at the International Society of Travel Medicine. My contributions to the field include writing travel guidelines and authoring a book chapter on children's vaccinations.

Since 2017, I've been a Consultant Paediatrician, where I run NHS clinics in general child health, infections and immunity, and, of course, travel preparation. In addition, I now operate a remote telephone Travel clinic catering specifically to pregnant women, children, and young people.

From your experience, how well do families prepare for traveling with children?ÌýHow far in advance should families schedule a travel health consultation for their children?

Adults are usually advised to attend a travel clinic 6 weeks before departure- for pregnancy, this length is fine too. For children, I advise a little earlier because children may refuse to take certain medicines, such as malaria tablets, which taste horrid, and need to change over to a new regime prior to the trip.Ìý

In my experience, parents sometimes have their child less protected than themselves because of concerns about licensing of medicines and vaccines. That should never happen, and I can help with that! I am trained to meet someone at their own risk level, and I don't ever tell parents what to do, but I will provide them information and reassurance to make essential choices.Ìý

What are the most common health concerns parents should look out for when to traveling internationally with young children?

Young children are often sick, no matter what you do, and so the most common issues are respiratory viruses. The most common infection is the flu, and it's often caught at the airport! Flu can be a nasty illness, and the flu vaccine is important, often more important, I would say, than vaccination against very rare location-specific diseases.Ìý

Are there age-specific considerations that parents often overlook? For example, how does traveling with an infant differ from traveling with a toddler?

There are loads! Traveling with a baby presents feeding challenges, such as storing and transporting familiar milk powders or frozen breast milk. Babies may not be allowed to have some vaccines, and also they may not need some vaccines that the rest of the family requires for example, they'll be in your arms, so it's highly unlikely they'll be bitten by an animal. Toddlers are at risk because of their very nature- they toddle off! There are risks of being bitten or stung, of falling, drowning, and of getting lost. We need to prepare for all these scenarios and ensure we have the right travel insurance in place in case the worst happens.Ìý

Toddlers and older children can really suffer from motion sickness and jet lag; they are often treated as little adults, but they are not!

What are theÌýmajorÌýhealth challenges for families relocating abroad permanently or in the short term?

Many children will catch a lot of viruses, such as those causing traveller's diarrhoea', in the first year after they move abroad because they are naive to the local bugs. Children are more at risk than adults because they aren't as hygienic (they put fingers in their mouths and pick up suspicious-looking items!), and they get closer to their peers, for example, when mixing with children in local schools. As such, for example, they'll have a higher chance of catching TB or meningitis, and they need to be protected with vaccination.

Many families face specific challenges around their child's medical conditions, for example, allergies or medications that cannot be sourced overseas. Some medications, such as those for ADHD, aren't allowed into certain countries and need to be changed pre-trip.

Are there specific risksÌýthat comeÌýwith frequent travel, such as forÌý digital nomad Ìýfamilies?Ìý

Keeping up to date with vaccines can be difficult! Where countries have different vaccine schedules, you may think your child doesn't need a vaccine as they've already had it, perhaps -but then the gap might be too long before the next dose in that country, so it's definitely something to consult an expert about.Ìý

Frequent relocation can cause children to feel like they are not from any specific culture, and this has been coined third culture kids (TKDs). While these children have many favourable attributes, such as being malleable, they have trouble settling into adulthood. They've usually been separated from extended family for long periods and had repeated culture shock.

Whilst I certainly wouldn't say it must be avoided, it should be something parents understand before repeatedly working in different locations.

Travelling in childhood is not the same as travelling as an adult when you have a fully formed sense of who you are. Older children and teens are more likely to experience severe culture shock if not properly prepared and these can affect their schooling.Ìý

Other risks- sunburn and skin cancer spring to mind!

What can families expect when booking a consultation with you, virtually or in person?

It will be a fun and informative single consultation! I'm excited about where you're going, and it is my passion to help you do it in the best way possible. I prepare families not just for the weird and wonderful "you never heard of it until you caught it" diseases, but also theÌýcommon things that can cause distress on a trip. This can range from preparation methods to stop ear pain in flight -> to how to recognise dehydration and sunstroke and how to prepare oral rehydration solution -> to how to make it taste good enough to drink -> right through to what to do if you get bitten by a monkey or lose your child in the airport! I will obviously advise you on all your vaccinations. I can prepare airport letters for medication and prescribe additional supplies in case your luggage is lost.Ìý

Do you offer ongoing support or health planning for expat families who are settling in new regions long-term? Do you collaborate with other pediatricians or health systems abroad for follow-up care?

We currently don't offer ongoing support; most of our consults are single 1-hour meetings where we cover everything. Of course, we have children who will come back for each trip! If children need ongoing medications, we prescribe those and spares, and we also try to find them a suitable local paediatrician.

What'sÌýone piece of advice you wish every parent would follow before boarding a plane and moving abroad with their child?

There are many options, but if I have to choose one, it would be to make sure you get a travel insurance policy suitable for them. If they have any conditions, these should be covered and not excluded! Also, be sure to check your insurance to see what will happen to your child if something happens to a parent overseas. Too many children are stuck overseas while a parent is hospitalised because the policy doesn't automatically bring them back to their home country if they're alone. Think about what you'd want to happen and plan for it.Ìý

Since 2024, couples applying for a UK family visa must meet a minimum income requirement of £29,000, up from the previous threshold of £18,600. However, only income from UK-based employment or self-employment is fully considered. While some non-employment income such as pensions or rental earnings may also count, the overall criteria make it challenging for many couples to qualify. As a result, numerous families remain separated and unable to meet the strict financial conditions.

The former Sunak government had planned to raise the threshold even further, to £38,700. However, the Labour government, led by Keir Starmer, has frozen the requirement and tasked the MAC with reviewing the policy. The aim is to balance the UK's economic interests and residents' right to family life. The committee points out that income thresholds in other countries are typically lower, for example, £18,182 in France.

In its findings, published on 10 June, the MAC advises against raising the threshold any further and even suggests reducing it to around £23,000 or £25,000. It also recommends greater flexibility in calculating income, including recognizing earnings from foreign employers, not just those based in the UK.
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