Hello,
Well, first of all some good news... Brazilian winter is just around the corner so you won't have to worry about the heat making you ill. You will have ample opportunity to adapt to the climate once it starts heating up. The seasons here are opposite to those in the northern hemisphere which may take some getting used to (it did for me).
Now the bad news... since I'm a Canadian I have no helpful information regarding the British Consulate, but perhaps you might have more luck if you try contacting the Consulate here in São Paulo with any visa questions you may have. Generally speaking, all of the consulates here are much easier to contact.
I have been living here in Brazil for over 9 years now, in various cities. I have passed through Santos a few times, but really don't know it well. I don't think you will have much trouble meeting English speakers, but strongly advise you to learn some Portuguese before coming here, it will make your life a whole lot easier. Also check into any regulations regarding professional certification here. There are few international reciprocal agreements, so depending on your line of work your qualifications may not be recognized here.
Money???? Leave most of it back in England, safe in the bank. If you don't already have an account at HSBC Bank, open one and deposit your money there. You will then have the advantage of being able to use any of the HSBC (or affiliated system) ATM machines in Brazil. Otherwise you will need to do foreign transactions only through specific ATMs only at the major branches of Banco do Brasil. Trust me, HSBC will eliminate all the headaches... you can thank me later.
PATIENCE is the keyword if you are coming to Brazil. There are endless lineups for everything and bureaucracy has been refined to a science here... get used to it, stay calm and just go with the flow.
Leave your conscience and compassion back home in Jolly Ole England... it doesn't work here. Everyone has a sad story and begs in the street, on the bus or subways and trains. Keep your wallet in your pocket, they probably have more money than you do. If someone asks for food, that is an entirely diferent story. There you can use your good sense if you want to be a good samaritan or not, but buy the food and don't just give money.
Security... dress down, no jewelry or expensive watches, cameras, etc. Don't ever take out your wallet in public. Carry with you only the money you will need for the time-being, or a specific purchase and not much more. Keep a small amount in your pocket, the rest in small amounts inside your shoes, socks, moneybelt and only very little in your wallet.
Documents... go immediately to a Cartório (Registry) and make certified copies of all your important documents (Passport, Birth Certificate, ID, etc.) Keep the originals in a safe place and carry only the certified copies in your wallet. CPF and RNE (Registro Nacional de Estrangeiro) you will need to carry the originals of these two documents only.
Good luck, and enjoy.